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Lecturer(s)
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Štěpánková Šárka, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Čegan Alexander, prof. Ing. CSc.
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Course content
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Amino acids, peptides and proteins - chirality, function, properties, difference acording the structure Saccharides - chirality, function, properties, difference acording the structure. Glycosides and other derivatives. Lipids - structure, function and differentiation. Phospholipids. Steroids - structure and differentiation. Vitamins - structure, function, differentiation and significance for living subjects. Hormones- structure and function. Nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids - structure, function and differentiation. Genetic code, mutations. Enzymes - clasifications, differentiation and significance for living subjects. Active and allosteric sites. Enzymatic catalysis, Michaelis - Menten kinetics, induced fit hypothesis. Enzyme inhibition. Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle. Citric acid cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, glyoxylate cycle. Anaplerotic sequences. Glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, pentose-phosphate pathway. Fructose and galactose utilisation. Lipid metabolism, carnitine function, ?-oxidation of even-, odd-numbered and unsaturated fatty acids. Propionyl-CoA metabolism. Degradation of proteins and amino acids. Transamination, aldolisation and decarboxylation. C-skeletons utilisation. Ammonia detoxification and excretion by living subject. Ornithine cycle. Nukleotide metabolism. Gluconeogenesis, glycogen biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids and lipids.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the subject "Biochemistry" is to describe structure, organization and function of living matter in molecular terms. First part deals with explanation of chemical structure of biomoleculs and their transformations with enzymes in cells. The importance of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and nucleic acids is mentioned, with their occurence in living subjects. Then is discussed the transfer of genetic information, replication of DNA, transcription to RNA and translation into proteins. Second part describes the main catabolic processes and cycles e.g. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, ?-oxidation of fatty acid, metabolism of amino acids and the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle, purine and pyrimidine degradation. Here belongs the description of oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmotic coupling, ATP synthesis and the basic processes of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle. Last part of the course consist of principles of biosynthesis e.g. gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid biosynthesis, utilization of ammonia and de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine and purine rings.
According the subjekt, student will get a komplexe knowledges about course of basic metabolic processes of living subjects. He is able to solve a problems of enzymatic catalysis of biochemical equations and experimentaly follow the course of main different biochemical equations.
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Prerequisites
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not specified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written examination
writen exam
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Recommended literature
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Mathews C. K., van Holde K. E., Ahern K. G. Biochemistry, third edition, Addison.
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