Clinical biochemistry as an interdisciplinary field (definition of the field, history, position among other disciplines; safety in department of Clinical biochemistry), workflow of analyzes, biological materials. Biological material collection Preanalytical effects during sample preparation, spectrum of biochemical analyzes, expressing results, possibilities of influencing analyzes (extra-, intra-laboratory), assessment of results, reference values, quality control (EQC, IQC). Good laboratory practice (GLP). Overview of methods used in clinical biochemistry, principles, applications. ISE, flame photometry, AAS, chromatographic methods. Basic classification and overview, principles and use of immunochemical methods. Internal environment. Water, ions, osmolality. Acid-base balance. Trace elements, theoretical introduction, main analytes of interest, clinical importance. Amino acids. Proteins, theoretical introduction (importance of plasma proteins), main proteins of interest, clinical importance (interpretation), acute phase reactants. Nitrogen metabolism. Non-protein nitrogen compounds, overview and importance, main analytes of interest, clinical significance, interpretation, creatinine and kidney function tests. Functional and stress tests. Functional tests of kidney, liver parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract, OGTT, endocrine gland function. Enzymes, theoretical introduction, general principles of clinical enzymology, main enzymes studied, clinical significance, interpretation, diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, antioxidants. Vitamins. Main analytes of interest. Clinical significance. Carbohydrates. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Lipids, theoretical introduction (apoproteins, lipoproteins), main analytes of interest, clinical significance (interpretation), atherosclerosis, independent risk factors of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia - basic classification. Tumor markers. Neoplasm-formation process, tumor marker definition, main analytes of interest, clinical significance (interpretation). Liquorology Blood dyes, main parameters, clinical significance, biochemical findings in individual types of icterus. Concrements. Hormones, theoretical introduction (classification by structure, effects, secretion control, feedback), main analytes of interest, interpretation, clinical significance. Basic urinalysis (chemical, sediment), theoretical introduction, main parameters, clinical significance, proteinuria - basic types. Bone metabolism (bone structure and metabolism), osteoporosis. Main analytes of interest, clinical significance. Therapeutic drug monitoring, practical view.
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