1) Basic terms of crystallography, crystal, lattice, structure. Symmetry of crystal structures, spatial groups of symmetry. 2) X-ray radiation, its diffraction on a crystal structure, geometric condition of diffraction, intensity of diffraction. Diffractogram analysis. 3) Cohesive forces in solids and types of bonds in solids. Relationship between substance properties and dominant type of bond. Metals, semiconductors, insulators - outline of formation of band structure during condensation of atoms. Lattice vibrations, wave equation, Einstein and Debye approximation of lattice heat - fitting and analysis. 4) Heat waves, phonon, dispersion, group velocity, thermal conductivity, N- and U-processes - Debye approximation. Manifestations of anharmonicity. 5) Metals, transport quantities in relaxation time approach. Drude model, electron gas - specific heat of electrons vs. Hall effect. Sommerfeld model, Fermi limit, density of states, Fermi integral. 6) Direct vs. reciprocal lattice. Particles in periodic potential - Schroedinger equation. Model of almost free electrons x model of tight bond, Bloch theorem - electron as a wave, scattering of free electrons in Bloch approximation. 7) Brilouin zone, parameterization of electron motion in the band - wave vector, effective mass and group velocity of electrons. Statistics of free current carriers in conditions of weak degeneration, density of states, concentration of free current carriers, Fermi level. 8) Defects in the lattice, Schotky and Frenkel defects, substitutional and antistructural defects. Analysis of transport properties of solids, electrical conductivity, n-type and p-type conductivity. Doping, intrinsic and extrinsic conductivity, Hall effect for several types of free carriers, mobility. Pauli paramegnetism, Landau levels - cyclotron resonance, Shubnikov-de Haas effect. 9) Introduction to magnetic properties of solids. Magnetic quantities (magnetic moment, intensity, induction, magnetization, susceptibility) and their relationship. Isolated magnetic moments, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, Brillouin function. Crystal field, freezing of orbital contribution, Jahn-Teller effect. 10) Direct and indirect interaction of magnetic moments - exchange interactions - FM / AFM). Colossal and gigant magnetoresistance - applications. Demagnetizing energy - hard and soft ferromagnets. 11) Application of semiconductors, p-n junction, diode, transistor, introduction to photovoltaics, introduction to thermoelectricity. 12) + 13) Selected concepts of light description, their meaning and utilization. Electromagnetic wave (intensity, polarization, coherence) x particle character of the light (energy, momentum, momentum of photon) and the relationship between them. Selection rules. Optical properties of solids (linear and nonlinear optics - definition), complex refractive index, complex symbolism in optics, relationship between extinction and absorption coefficient, refractive index and electrical permittivity, harmonic oscillator and forced oscillator model (Lorentz, Drude), Kramers-Kronig relationship. Interaction of photon with particles (electron, phonon), coupled density of states, calculation of absorption coefficient, selection rules (allowed, forbiden, direct and indirect transitions). Types of optical interactions in a wide spectral domain and their interpretation in wave and particle concepts (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals). Electromagnetic wave on a simple interface. Reflection and refraction - Fresnel equations, reflectance, plasma edge. Methods of determination of optical constants, spectrophotometry and ellipsometry.
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Elektronická verze přednášek předmětu. / Electronic version of lectures.
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Blundel, S. Magnetism in Condensed Matter, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2001.
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Fox M. Optical Properties of Solids, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2001.
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Kittel, Ch., Mceuen, P. Introduction to solid state physics, Wiley. 2019.
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Mistrik, Kasap, Ruda, Koughia, Singh. Optical Properties of Electronic Materials: Fundamentals and Characterization in Springer Handbook of Electronic and Photonic Materials 2nd edtition (ed. S. Kasap), Springer International Publishing AG. 2017.
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Singleton, J. Band Theory and Electronic Properties of Solids, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2001.
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