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Lecturer(s)
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Kalenda Petr, prof. Ing. CSc.
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Večeřa Miroslav, Ing. CSc.
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Course content
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Factors influencing polymer structure - molecular structure of polymers. Influence of molecular weight, poly-dispersity, crystallininty and stereo-regularity on polymer properties. Internal softening of polymers - softening principle (terminology: flexibilization and plastification). Embrittlement temperature (Tb). Internal softening. Influence of structure on Tg and Tb values. Internal softening by co-polymeration, co-polyaddition, co-polycondensation. External softening. Influence of structure on polymers´ heat resistance - characteristic temperatures - Tg, Tm, Tf, Tb. Form stability according to Vacat, Martens, ISO - R 75 (definition). Heat chemical stability. Heat stability diagram. Thermo-gravimetric analysis, DTA - principles. Temperature classes of polymeric materials. Structure of chains and heat stability. Technical types of heat resistant polymers. Heat resistance of individual polymers. Influence of structure on resistance of polymers against ageing due to climatic conditions - physical, chemical and physical-chemical methods resulting in polymer destruction. Influence of UV radiation on ageing. Oxygen effects, mechanism of decomposition, oxidizing and heat-oxidizing procedures. Resistance of individual polymers against ageing. Influence of structure on chemical resistance of polymers - course of corrosive medium impact on polymers. Diffusion, swelling, dissolution, chemical reaction. Mechanism of chemical decomposition of different polymers. Chemical resistance assessment. Influence of structure on electric insulation properties of polymers - terminology relating to electric and electric-insulation properties of polymers. Resistance of polymers against sneak current, resistance of insulants against influence of electric arc. Influence of structure on transport events in polymers - permeation of low-molecular substances by polymers, diffusion, permeability coefficient. Dependence of permeability on heat and structure of polymers. Influence of change in structure on permeability. Additives. Dissolvability of polymers - differences in dissolving polymers and low-molecular substances. Thermo-dynamic criteria of polymers dissolution. Interaction parameter X. Flory-Huggins equation. Parameter of dissolvability. Burell´s classification, experimental determination of parameter. Methods of laquer film formation depending on polymeric structure - Talen´s division of the film formation. Examples.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
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Learning outcomes
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The course objective is to meet the students with the relations between polymeric structure and relevant properties following from such relations. Factors influencing the structure of polymers are dealt with in detail, and also the influence of structure on their heat resistance, resistance against ageing and on general resistance. Attention is paid to the influence of structures on electric properties, transport events and optical properties of polymers. Properties and dissolving capacity of polymers are discussed separately.
Students will acquire detailed information about relations between structure, chemical and physical properties of major thermo-plastic and thermosetting polymers.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of physical, organic and macromolecular chemistry.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Written examination
Examination comprises of a written test and an oral examination. An integral part of the examination is discussion on selected topics.
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Recommended literature
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Mleziva J., Večeřa M. Struktura a vlastnosti polymerů. interní učební texty ÚPM, 1998.
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Mleziva, Josef. Polymery : výroba, struktura, vlastnosti a použití. Praha: Sobotáles, 2000. ISBN 80-85920-72-7.
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Tobolsky A. Vlastnosti a struktura polymerů. SNTL Praha, 1963.
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