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Lecturer(s)
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Jalový Zdeněk, doc. Ing. Ph.D.
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Pachman Jiří, doc. Ing. Ph.D.
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Matyáš Robert, doc. Ing. Ph.D.
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Jungová Marcela, Ing. Ph.D.
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Šelešovský Jakub, Ing. Ph.D.
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Pelikán Vojtěch, Ing. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Preparation of 4-nitroaniline: Nitration on aromatic ring. Amino group protection. Analysis: Thin layer chromatography. 2. Preparation of 1-chlor-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene: Aromatic nucleophilic substitution, thermally stable explosives. Analysis: Infrared spectroscopy. 3. N,N´-Dinitroethane-1,2-diamine:Preparation of primary nitramines. Basicity of amines amides and primary nitramines. Ecology of waste from explosives preparation or production. UV-vis. 4. Preparation of 1,3,5 trinitro 1,3,5 triazinane: Nitrolysis on tertiary nitrogen, secondary nitramines. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 5. Colour reactions: Identification of unknown samples of explosives using its color reactions with chemical agents. Application of colour reactions at chemical analysis. 6. Preparation of ethylene glycol dinitrate: Esterification of alcohols with nitric acid. Safety during preparation of nitrate esters. The use of differential thermal analysis. 7. Detonation velocity measurement: Measurement of detonation velocity by more reliable optical methodology. - measurement of detonation velocity by ionization probes- continuous measurement of detonation velocity 8. Brisance: Determination of brisance using Kast and Hess method. 9. Explosive forming: Within the scope of this experimental exercise students will acquire basic understanding or principles of explosive forming. The issue of matrix setup, explosive preparation/selection will be addressed. 10. Casting of charges: Introduction to manufacture of explosive cylindrical and hollow charges by melt TNT and corresponding TNT blends. Verification of the charges performance. 11. Determination of sensitivity to impact and friction: Sensitivity of explosives to impact and friction. Measuring of real samples. Description of methods used for measuring. 12. Combustion calorimetry, introduction to the electric spark sensitivity measurement: Introduction to determination of heat of combustion using combustion calorimetric method. Determination of combustion heat of the given sample. Brief introduction to ESD sensitivity measurements of the explosive samples. Overview of the used methods and principles. 13. Exhibition of function of pyrotechnic products: Automotive safety pyrotechnic devices. Military and civil pyrotechnic ammunition and special effects. Application of wireless firing system in fireworks.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Laboratory work
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Learning outcomes
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In a part based on chemistry, the aim is to show basic reactions used for syntheses of energetic materials (aromatic nitration, polynitrocompounds synthesis, preparation of primary nitramines, esterification of alcohols by nitric acid, nitrolysis) and to analyse the compounds using suitable analytical technique (thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, colour reactions). In a part based on detonation physics, the aim is to show the possibilities to determine explosive properties (heat of combustion, detonation velocity, sensitivity to friction, impact and electrostatic discharge) and techniques used in process and use of energetic materials (explosive forming, casting of charges and exhibition of functional pyrotechnic products).
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Student performance assessment
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Recommended literature
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