Object of pharmaceutical chemistry, basic notions - pharmacology, pharmacognosy, galenic pharmacy, medicinal drug, form of medicinal drug. Basic principles of general pharmacology - way of administration, fate of drug in organism: absorption, transport and distribution, metabolism (bio-transformations - oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, conjugation, non-enzymatic transformations), excretion. Effects of medicinal drugs - specific and non-specific effect - relationships between structure and effect. Problems of research and development of new pharmaceuticals. European and Czech Pharmacopoeias, classification of drugs from pharmacological standpoint. General anaesthetics - mechanism of action. Syntheses of fluorine-containing inhalation anaesthetics (halothane), general intravenous anaesthetics (thiopental). Hypnotics and sedatives - effect and application. Syntheses of selected hypnotics of the 1st to 3rd generations. Psycho-pharmaceuticals - classification according to pharmacological effect - parameters of human psychic (ways of affecting the brain metabolism, neurotransmitters). Syntheses of representatives of individual groups: nootropic drugs (piracetam, cinnarizine), neuroleptic drugs, phenothiazine derivatives and their analogues, anxiolytics (benzodiazepins), drugs relieving anxiety states (benzodiazepins), antidepressants, derivatives of dibenzo[b,f]azepin and their analogues. Controlled substances, problems of addictive drugs and habit-forming medicinal drugs, derivatives of morphine (heroin), stimulants (amphetamine, pervitin), psychedelic drugs (mescaline, psilocybin, LSD, extasy, phencyclidine), legal restrictions in production and distribution of these compounds and their precursors. Anti-epileptic drugs - effect, total syntheses of representatives of the following groups: hydantoins, glutarimides, succinimides, iminostilbenes (carbamazepin, mesantion, phenytoin). Anti-Parkinsonism drugs - treatment of mobility coordination disorders (ataxy), tremor (L-dopa, amantadin, trihexylphenidyl). Central analeptics - sources of total syntheses (caffeine, camphor, pentazol, nikethamid, bemegrid). Analgesics - principles of analgesia (morphine and its derivatives, morphinans, derivatives of 6,7-benzomorphane and 4-phenylpiperidine). Analgesic-antipyretic substances (paracetamol, salicin, aspirin, methyl salicylate). Antihistaminics - effect of histamine, metabolism - syntheses of derivatives of benzo[b,f]thiepin, ethylenediamine, piperazine (dithiaden, zyrtec, xyzal). Local anaesthetics - tropane alkaloids - cocaine effects, synthetic substitutes (lidocaine, trimecaine, procaine, tetracaine, cinchocaine). Medicinal drugs for blood circulation system: cardiotonic drugs (digoxin, digitoxin). Sympathomimetic agents - influence upon vegetative nervous system (noradrenaline, adrenaline, ephedrine). Anti-arrhytmic agents - tuning of pulse rhythm (trimepranol, propranolol). Anti-hypertensive agents - influencing of blood pressure (substances blocking the sympathetic division, inhibition of ACE, ?-blockers, blockers of calcium channels; nifedipin, methyldopa, irbersartan, enalapril). Medicinal drugs affecting blood coagulation (heparin, pelentan, warfarin). Other medicinal drugs for blood circulation system (glycerol trinitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, sildenafil-(viagra)). Spasmolytics - mechanism of action on unstriped muscles (syntheses: thiospasmine, adiphenine, papaverine, drotaverine). Antiphlogistics - inhibiting of inflammatory reactions - anthranilic acid derivatives, derivatives of arylacetic acids - ibobrufen). Laxatives (laxyl). Anthelmintics (niklosamid, thiabendazol). Antineoplastics (cancerostatics, cytostatics), alkylation agents (analogues of N-yperite), antimetabolites (modified bases of nucleic acids: thymine, uracil, cytosine, adenine), other antineoplastics (daunorubicin, prokarbazin, platidiam). Problems of chemical cancerogenesis, metabolic activation (benzidine, o-anisidine, naphthylamines.
|