Basic principles of NMR. A nucleus in magnetic field, macroscopic magnetization, Zeeman´s effect. Magnetogyric ratio. Population of spin states, nuclear resonance. Fourier-transform NMR, FID. Single pulse experiment. Pulse angle. Relaxation: processes and mechanisms. Relaxation agents, effect of paramagnetic materials on relaxation. Quadrupole nuclei. Signal-to-noise ratio. NMR spectrum. Chemical shift, its definition and meaning. Integral intensity. Shielding and its mechanisms. Diamagnetic and paramagnetic shift. Anisotropic effects. NMR and molecular symmetry. Corelation between chemical shift and structure. Spin-spin couplings, their origin. Spin-spin coupling constant. First-order systems, conditions for their appearance and how to affect them. Multiplicity rule, intensity rule. Magnetic equivalence of nuclei. Spectra of higher-order systems. Correlation between coupling constant and structure. Heteronuclear and homonuclear decoupling, broadband and selective decoupling. Gated and inverse-gated decoupling. Importance of decoupling and its use. Advanced 1D experiments. APT. Polarization and its transfer. Polarisation-transfer techniques. DEPT. Selective excitation. Energy of pulse, soft and hard pulses. Selective COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, their importance and use. 2D NMR spectroscopy. Basic principles. Homonuclear correlations. H,H-COSY ,TOCSY, 2D-INADEQUATE, use and interpretation. Heteronuclear correlations. Inverse detection. Single-bond correlations, HMQC, HSQC, use, interpretation. Long-range correlations, HMBC, use, interpretation. Hybrid experiments: HSQC-DEPT, HMQC-TOCSY, use, interpretation.. NOE spectroscopy. Dipolar interactions. Nuclear Overhauser Effect, origin, effect on spectrum. NOE difference spectrum, use and interpretation. 1D a 2D NOESY, use and interpretation. 1D and 2D ROESY, use and interpretation. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy. Chemical exchange. Spectroscopic time-scales. Effect of dynamic processes on NMR spectra, effect of temperature and solvent. Study of dynamic processes by means of NMR, hindered rotations, conformational changes, fast reversible processes, inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Quantitative evaluation of slow and fast processes. EXSY.
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Claridge T. D. W. High-Reolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry. Amsterdam, 1999. ISBN 0-08-042798-7.
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Croasmun W. R., Carlson R. M. K. Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, Applications for Chemists and Bichemists. Weinheim, 1994. ISBN 1-56081-664-3.
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Derome A. E. Modern NMR Techniques for Chemistry Research. Oxford, 1987. ISBN 0-08-032514-9.
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Jacobsen N.E. NMR Spectroscopy Explained. New Jersey, 2007. ISBN 978-0-471-73096-5.
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