What is philosophy? Greek philosophy and modern thinking. The oldest Greek philosophy - a hermeneutic approach towards its beginnings. The origin of philosophy - philosophy before Socrates. School of Miletus - Thales, Anaximandros. The religion and politics of thinkers of the 6th century BC (Solon, Xenofanes, Pythagoras). Philosophy and its own way (Parmenides, Herakleitos). Critique and dialectics (Zenon). Positive philosophy of nature (Empedokles, Anaxagoras). Atomism and Teleology (Leukippos, Demokritos). Classical philosophy of Athens: Socrates. Plato. Aristotle.
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The objective of this course is to understand the beginnings of philosophical thinking ("What is philosophy?") and the philosophical tradition (especially Platonism and neo-Platonism) up to the beginning of the Middle Ages. The topics will include, for example, the philosophy in Greece and its dealing with myth (emancipation of a new form of rationality); the questions of the first thinkers and philosophical streams ("schools") in antiquity; philosophy as an attempt at a new education (care for a soul); philosophy and religion; the reflection of antique philosophy in the modern one, especially the scientific and technological understanding of the world. The course will mostly focus on those moments that had their influence during the formation of the tradition of Platonism and its meaning in the history of thought. Problems will be dealt with from a historical and systematic perspective, especially if concepts and cathegories will be considered.
Students will maintain wide range of information from western philosophy, which are presumption of understanding of various problems in humanities and science. Students will obtain new competences in interpretation of different philosophical texts.
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Zlomky předsokratovských myslitelů / vybral a přeložil Karel Svoboda. Praha, 1962.
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Aristotelés. Etika Nikomachova, O duši, politika, Organon etc..
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DETIENNE, M. Mistři pravdy v archaickém Řecku. Praha : Oikúmené, 2000.
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GADAMER, H-G. Gesammelte Werke 5,6,7 - Griechische Philosophie I, II, III. Tübingen, 1991.
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GRAESER, A. Řecká filosofie klasického období. Praha : Oikúmené, 2000.
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KIRK, RAVEN, SCHOFIELD. Předsókratovští filosofové. Praha : Oikémené, 2000.
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KRATOCHVÍL, B. Od mýtu k logu. Praha : Herrmann a synové, 1994.
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PATOČKA, J. Aristotelés. Praha : SPN, 1994.
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PATOČKA, J. Nejstarší řecká filosofie. Praha : Vyšehrad, 1996.
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PATOČKA, J. Platón. Praha : SPN, 1992.
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PATOČKA, J. Sókratés. Praha : SPN, 1991.
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Platón. Obrana Sókrata. Praha: Oikoymenh.
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PLATÓN. Spisy I-V. Praha : Oikúmené, 2003.
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VERNANT, J-P. Počátky řeckého myšlení. Praha : Oikúmené, 1993.
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Vernant, J.-P. Vesmír, bohové, lidé. Paseka, 2001. ISBN 8071853445.
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