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Lecturer(s)
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Rokyta Jan, doc. ThDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. The question of natural rights in European thought. The possibility of a universal concept, its conditions and limits. Natural rights, their embeddedness in history. 2. Ancient concept of natural rights, liberties, their limits. 3. Augustine, differences in the understanding of natural law compared to Thomas Aquinas. Thomas Aquinas, natural law theory, the distinction between true and apparent good. Natural law, natural rights. 4. Individual rights as understood in the late Middle Ages. 5. Francisco Vitoria, the second scholasticism and the turn to Aquinas. Vitoria, the question of natural rights in an international context, the emergence of international law, ius gentium. The question of historical and political context. 6. Francisco Suarez, Alberico Gentili, Hugo Grotius. 7. J. Locke, the understanding of God. Reason, the concept of human freedom. The theory of contract. Controversy with Robert Filmer, rejection of his conception of authority/power, rejection of the patriarchal model of power. Liberal thought. Concepts of liberty, the citizen, religion, the question of slavery. 8. Locke's natural law theory as a model for the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, the U.S. Declaration of Independence of 1776, the French Declaration of Man and Citizen of 1789, and as a model for the amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Interpretation of John Locke by American thinkers, the question of rights among Indians. 9. The concept of human rights on Islamic basis. The status of women. 10. Comparison of the concept of man and his rights in the Declaration of Man and the Citizen, the Declaration of Independence, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam of 1990. 11. The Confucian perspective. 12. The evolution of human rights as a universal category and a response to specific problems in Western culture. Human rights as a quasi-religious component of Christian theology. An intercivilizational perspective on human rights.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Dialogic (discussion, interview, brainstorming), Work with text (with textbook, with book)
- Home preparation for classes
- 46 hours per semester
- Independent critical reading
- 60 hours per semester
- Contact teaching
- 26 hours per semester
- Preparation for an exam
- 48 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The course focuses on the history of thought relating to the concept of natural law and consequently human rights, the question of freedom and non-freedom, including in relation to religion.
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Student performance assessment
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Recommended literature
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Brett A. Liberty, Right and Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic Thought. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Cavallar Georg. The Rights of Strangers. kapitoly "The Present and the Past: Justitia, Cosmopolis and Hospitalitas", s. 13-75, "Vitoria and the Second Scholastic", s. 75-121, "The Age of Hugo Grotius", s. 121-169.. Ashgate, 2002.
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Hrubec M. Interkulturní dialog o lidských právech: Západní, islámské a konfuciánské perspektivy. Praha: Filosofia, 2008.
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Maier H. "Lidská práva. Nárok na obecnou platnost a kulturní diferenciace.", in J. Hanuš (ed.), Lidská práva. Nárok na obecnou platnost a kulturní diferenciace. Brno: CDK, 2008.
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Svoboda P. "Osvícenství, křesťanství a lidská práva", in P. Svoboda a P. Ondřejek (eds.), Filozofické a právně teoretické aspekty lidských práv. Praha: nakl. UK Právnická fakulta, 2013.
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