The pathology course, demise of an organism, pathological methods, illness, autopsy. Causes of illness, prevention, aetiopathogenesis of an illness. Regressive and metabolic changes, inflammation, necrosis, gangrene, atrophy. Progressive changes, tumours, regeneration, reparation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, transplantation. Disorders of blood and lymph circulation, circulation insufficiency, manifestations inside and outside the heart. Respiratory disorders, respiratory insufficiency, diseases of the respiratory pathways. Disorders of the digestive system, manifestations of the disorders. Disorders of the urinary system, kidney diseases. Disorders of the nervous system, ischemic changes in the CNS, intracranial haemorrhage, brain oedema, inflammation, tumours. Hormonal disorders, disorders of the hypophysis, the adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, the islets of Langerhans, and the pancreas.
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The aim of the course is to acquaint students with disorders of the cell, tissue, and organ structure, with disorders of metabolism and nutrition, with immunological disorders, and with harmful physical, chemical, microbial, and parasitary influences on the human organism.
The student understands ethiopathogenesis of illnesses and recognizes disorders and changes at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels. He/she knows basic methods used in pathology and principles of collection and transport of biological material for an examination.
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