Phonetics and Phonology: Phonemes: system of vowels and consonants Stress: word stress, sentence stress (position and function) Intonation: tones and their functions Main differences between the Czech and the English phonetic and graphical systems. Morphology and Syntax: Nouns: number, countability, determination, case, gender Pronouns, use and classification (personal, possessive, demonstrative, indefinite, etc.) Adjectives and adverbs: gradation, classification of adverbs and their semantics, syntactic functions of adjectives and adverbs Verbs: tense, aspect, voice, mood, negation, primary auxiliaries Modality and modal auxiliaries, non-finite verb forms, phrasal and prepositional verbs Sequence of tenses, reported speech, indirect questions and commands Phrases: structure and syntactic functions Simple sentence structure: form, function and semantic roles of clause elements Clause patterns and types, valency of the verb, concord Communicative sentence types: statement, question, command, exclamation Compound sentences: coordination, correlatives Complex sentences: nominal clauses, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, apposition Condensation - non-finite and verbless clauses Substitution and ellipsis Functional sentence perspective: theme, rheme, grammatical and semantic function of word order Marked word order and highlighting structures (fronting, cleft sentences, etc.) Discourse analysis: context, cohesion, coherence, punctuation Lexicology and Semantics: Characteristic features of the English vocabulary Foreign influences on the English lexis, lexical borrowing, international vocabulary Semantic change and figurative language (metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, etc.) Word-formation processes: derivation, compounding, conversion, blending, shortening, etc. Set expressions: collocations, multi-word expressions, idioms, etc. Sense relations: synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, meronymy Language variation: territorial, time and social stratification
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