| Course title | Analytical Instrumental Methods |
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| Course code | KALCH/C372 |
| Organizational form of instruction | Lecture + Seminar |
| Level of course | Bachelor |
| Year of study | 2 |
| Semester | Summer |
| Number of ECTS credits | 4 |
| Language of instruction | Czech |
| Status of course | Compulsory |
| Form of instruction | Face-to-face |
| Work placements | This is not an internship |
| Recommended optional programme components | None |
| Lecturer(s) |
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| Course content |
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Introduction to the subject Relationship "instrumental vs. (classical) chemical analysis". Qualitative analysis and identification of substances. Quantitative analysis and the respective methods (calibration curve, standard sample and addition methods). Electroanalysis Potentiometry: Electrode potential, measuring (indicator and reference electrodes, electrodes I. and II. kinds. Construction and basic characterization of selected electrodes. Glass electrode and other pH-sensing electrodes. pH measurements. Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) and direct potentiometry. Principles of operation of the most important electrodes, measurement with: F-ISE, NO3-ISE. Ca-ISE and K-ISE. Potentiometric titrations. Polarography, voltammetry and related techniques: Measurements with the passage of current. Polarization and depolarization, faradaic and non-faradaic currents. Classic Heyrovsky polarography and dropping mercury electrode (DME). Voltammetry, direct and modulated potential: LSV (DC), DPV and SWV. Working electrodes. Amperometry and biosensors. Coulometry and Faraday's law. Conductometry and conductivity in solutions. Spectral analysis Electromagnetic irradiation and its classification according to energy or wavelengths. The formation of spectra and their basic types. Molecular absorption spectrometry in the area of UV/Vis spectra: Spectrophotometry, UV/Vis spectra, transmittance vs. absorbance. Lambert-Beer law. Scheme of equipment for UV/Vis measurement. Luminescence spectrometry and fluorimetry. Atomic emission spectrometry (AES): Classical spectrography: Bar spectra, their qualitative and quantitative analysis. Flame photometry. Modern variants of emission spectrometry: ICP-OES and LIBS. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS): Variants of FL-AAS, ET-AAS, HG-AAS and CV-AAS. Equipment for AAS: block diagram (fig.) and description of individual parts. Examples of the use of AAS in analytical practice. Infrared spectrometry (IR-S): Classical (dispersive) IR, Basic principles of FTIR, IR-spectrum analysis: higher frequency range vs. thumbprint area; use to identify substances. Mass Spectrometry (MS): Principles, scheme and description of MS equipment: ways of ionization, molecular ions, ion fragmentation. Types of mass analyzers. MS-spectrum interpretation and their use. Non-spectral (optical) techniques: Polarimetry and optically active substances. Nephelometry, turbidimetry and measurements of solutions with precipitates. Analytical separation Basic concepts, definitions and classification according to the principles of separation: separation of substances between two phases (adsorption and extraction), ion exchange, mesh effect (permeation), bioaffinity. Planar chromatography (TLC): Paper and thin-layer chromatography: Principles of separation, basic experimental equipment for both types of TLC. Development procedures, physical and chemical spot detection. Examples of use. Gas Chromatography (GC): Separation in a gas mobile phase. Chromatograms, their description and evaluation. Instrumentation: scheme of assembly for GC, description. Types of columns, detectors (TCD, FID, ECD and MS). Liquid chromatography (LC or HPLC): Separation in a system with a liquid mobile phase. HPLC and types of mobile or stationary phases. Experimental arrangement in HPLC: block diagram and description of individual parts. Pumps, columns and detectors: (UV/Vis, FL, RF, EC, LC-MS connection). Use of HPLC in practice. Electromigration techniques: Migration and mobility of charged particles, their separation in electric field. Classical (zone) electrophoresis (ZE), capillary and gel electrophoresis (CE and GE), isotachophoresis (ITP). Detectors. Use of CE and ITP. Extraction and other pre-concentration techniques: Separation equilibria in a system of different phases. Liquid-to-liquid extraction, Soxhlet apparatus (and extraction efficiency). Extraction of a solid with a liquid. Extraction with gas, with solid sorbents.
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| Learning activities and teaching methods |
| Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Work with text (with textbook, with book) |
| Learning outcomes |
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The aim is to follow upon the subject "Analytical Chemistry" (Chemical Analysis) and to acquire basic knowledge of instrumental analysis.
Students after graduation of the subject "Analytical chemistry II" together with the subject "Analytical Chemistry II: Laboratory course" are competent to work in aboratories equipped with the basic analytical instrumentation. |
| Prerequisites |
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High-school knowledge of analytical chemistry, including the elements of inorganic and organické chemistry, as well as biochemistry.
KALCH/C618 ----- or ----- KALCH/C680 and KALCH/C373Z |
| Assessment methods and criteria |
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Oral examination, Written examination
written part of examination - 40 %, oral examination - 60 %; |
| Recommended literature |
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| Study plans that include the course |
| Faculty | Study plan (Version) | Category of Branch/Specialization | Recommended semester |
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