Utilization of chemical reactions in separation analytical techniques - definition of terms, basic principles and procedures, classification of derivatization reactions. Apparatures for derivatization, samples and reaction vessels, heating and evaporation, manipulation with a sample and reactants, removal of derivatization agents, serial derivatizations using robotic systems. Principles of derivatizations for gas chromatography - influence of derivatives on retention characteristics, types of reactions, derivatization conditions, instrumental arrangement. Application of chemical reactions for derivatization in gas chromatography - silylation reactions, esterification, alkylation, acylation, preparation of cyclic derivatives. Hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, ozonolysis, hydrolytic methods. Pyrolysis gas chromatography - principles, development of pyrolysis methos, commercial pyrolyzers, automatic systems, applications. Derivatization for liquid chromatography - types of derivatization reactions, precolumn derivatization. Postcolumn derivatization, influence of reactor on efficiency of separation, construction of flow-through reactors, reactors with segmented flow of mobile phase. Utilization of chemical reactions for derivatization in liquid chromatography with UV detection - the most common chromophores and fluorophores, esterification, reaction with benzoylation agents, reactions with iso- and isothiocyanates. Derivatization for fluorescent detection - principles, agents, reaction conditions. Preparation of derivatives for electrochemical detection and less common types of detectors. Derivatization for capillary electrophoresis - techniques enhancing sensitivity of detection, on-line techniques of derivatization in separation capillary, introducing charge to a molecule, increasing hydrophobicity, separation of enantiomers. Derivatization for separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry - ionization of analytes, fragmentation, structural analysis, application of isotopically labeled chemicals.
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Lunn, George. Handbook of derivatization reactions for HPLC. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998. ISBN 0-471-23888-0.
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Wilson, Ian D. Handbook of methods and instrumentation in separation science. London: Elsevier , 2009. ISBN 978-0-12-375095-2.
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