1st week: Introduction to atomic spectrometry (AS): EMG radiation, its properties and interaction with matter, laws of the formation of atomic spectra, probability of absorption and emission, spectral line properties, and classification of AS methods. 2nd week: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS): principles, method classification, instrumentation (radiation sources, optical system, atomizers, detectors, signal processing, systems for correction of non-specific absorption). 3rd week: Flame (FL) atomization AAS, electrothermal (ETA) AAS - description of atomization, isothermicity of the atomization process, temperature program and its optimization, matrix interferences - classification, mechanisms, identification and elimination possibilities, STPF concept. 4th week: Generation of volatile compounds: Hydride technique - principles, importance, use, possibilities of hydride generation, transport, separation, collection and atomization, generator arrangement, matrix interferences. Cold vapour method and thermooxidative mercury determination - principles, instrumentation, analytical characteristics, applications. 5th week: Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS): principles, types of fluorescence transitions, instrumentation, matrix interferences, analytical applications. Introduction to optical emission spectral analysis (OES): principles, excitation sources, optical system - arrangement, monochromators and polychromators, detection. 6th week: Flame photometry: theoretical foundations, main parts of the photometer, and use in real applications. Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES): Formation and physical properties of plasma, modern instrumentation, matrix interferences, analytical characteristics, and applications. 7th week: Optical emission spectrometry with microwave-induced plasma (MP-OES), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), OES with glow discharge (GD-OES) - basic principles and analytical characteristics, instrumentation, matrix interferences, possibilities for quantitative and qualitative element analysis. 8th week: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): principles, construction of spectrometers, mass analyzers, resolving power, sample introduction systems, matrix interferences and their removal, analytical characteristics and applications. 9th week: Spectroscopy of inner electrons: principles, primary and secondary excitation, relaxation process, X-ray radiation, labelling of X-ray spectral lines, summary of methods. 10th week: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): characteristic radiation and its monochromatization, detection, evaluation of XRF spectra, wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) systems and their comparison, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and matrix interferences. 11th week: Selected methods of local analysis and surface analysis: overview, principles, arrangement, significance, and use. 12th week: Element speciation using AS methods: definition, importance, tandem techniques, applications, trends. 13th week: Challenges and solutions in sample preparation for atomic spectrometry.
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