1st week Brief overview of immunohematology and immunohematological methods. History and terminology in immunology. Role and mechanisms of functioning of the immune system. Components of the immune system: overview of organs, cells and their features in the immune system, development from the hematopoietic stem cell. 2nd week Adhesive molecules, cytokines, PAMP, PPR. Mechanisms of signal transduction in the immune system. Laboratory detection and quantification of molecules. Human HLA system, meaning, genetics, molecular structure. Presentation of antigens in connection with HLA, restrictions. Approaches and reasons for investigating the HLA system. 3rd week Cell death, apoptosis, necrosis, examination techniques. Analysis and evaluation of flow cytometry data. Practical examples of analysis results related to hemato-oncological or immunodeficiency diseases. Phagocytic cells, characteristics, description of phases. Oxygen-dependent and -independent cidia. Investigation of the functions of phagocytosis. Properties and role of mast cells, basophils. Cytotoxic action of NK cells. 4th week Complement system, methods of activation, activators. Acute phase proteins, their detection. Investigation of humoral immunity. Immunobiology of inflammation, phases, endogenous and exogenous causes, cellular and humoral components. Molecules recognizing antigen, description of molecular structure. Antibody classes, idiotype, biological role. Natural antibodies. Overview of methods for detection and quantification of antibodies. 5th week B lymphocytes, development, characteristics of stages, activation of B lymphocytes. Functional tests of B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes, subpopulations and their relationships, role in the organism. Activation of T lymphocytes, cytokines, homing lymphocytes. Functional tests of lymphocytes. 6th week Immune reactions based on T lymphocytes. The generation of a cellular response. Antibody immune response, primary and secondary. Concepts of affinity maturation, isotype switching. Immunoanalytical methods with indicators (EIA, RIA, FIA, LIA tests), automatic immunoanalyzers. 7th week Regulation of the immune response, idiotypic network. The essence of antigen receptor diversity. The immune system of the mucous membranes and skin. Preparation of diagnostic mono- and polyclonal antibodies for investigative methods. 8th week Development of immunological tolerance, central and peripheral. Ontogeny and aging of immunity. Immunity and infection, HIV virus. Laboratory methods of infection detection, detection of specific antibodies. 9th week: Immunological basis of immunopathological reactions. Autoimmunity, association of HLA molecules with diseases. Methods of detection of autoantibodies and autoantigens. Allergic response, meaning of IgE, determination methods, allergens. Laboratory diagnosis of allergies. Immune deficiency, definition of primary and secondary deficits. 10th week Tumor antigens, tumor cells, antitumor immunity, therapy options, TIL, LAK cells. Immunoelectrophoretic methods, detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins and light chains in serum and urine, immunofixation. 11th week IS Therapy. Basic terms in transplant immunology and blood transfusion, the role of HLA antigens, graft healing. Principles of vaccines, therapeutic options in clinical immunology.
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