1. Introduction to system dependability and safety. Definition of basic terms. 2. Quantitative measures of dependability and safety. 3. Differences between the concepts of failure rate, failure frequency, failure probability density, and failure intensity. 4. Causes of faults and failures. Their modes. 5. Reliability of the system. Multi-channel architectures. Modeling of dependability and safety indicators using continuous-time Markov models. 6. Modelling of dependability and safety indicators using discrete-time Markov models. 7. Relationship between reliability, availability, and safety. The importance of diagnostics. Safety integrity. Specification of system requirements. Fail-safe design concepts. Systems with low and high demands of safety functions. 8. Control and safety functions. Functional and technical safety. Tables of safety integrity levels (SIL) in terms of various industry standards. Failure modes and their significance. 9. Techniques for achieving safety under faulty conditions. System life cycle. Principles for determining acceptable risk. Procedure for deriving safety requirements for a system. Verification, validation, safety case, and system certification. 10. Techniques for system dependability analysis (FTA, ETA, RBD, FMEA, FMECA, HZOP ). 11. Introduction to cyber security in safety-relevant systems. 12. Overview of standards for functional safety.
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