Rise and evolution of the computer networks, taxonomy, topology. Theory of information, basic terminology, channel, coding, modulation. Properties of real transmission path, bandwidth, media overview. Data transfer over network, connection-less transfer, store-and-forward method, datagram. Complex systems, system decomposition, subsystems, layers, communication functions, methods, protocols. Reference model OSI, layer names and functions. Node address, addressing methods. Impact of load, congestion, flow control. Data integrity, error detection, error correction methods. Channel sharing, multiplexing, TDM, CDM. multiple media access methods overview. TCP/IP network architecture, philosophy, TCP/IP to OSI comparison, layers, protocols, standards, organisation. Network layer, IP protocol, IP address, classes, address arithmetic. Class-less addressing, mask, subnets and supernets. Routing, routers, routing tables, routing protocols. Data link layer, IP to MAC address conversion, ARP and RARP protocols. Consequence of limited packet size, MTU, fragmentation and de-fragmentation. Transport layer, TCP and UDP protocols, ports, packet life time, TTL. Distributed application, network services. Compatibility in the heterogeneous environment, XDR and RPC protocols. LAN networks, purpose, evolution, Ethernet, IEEE 802.3. Access control, CSMA/CD with exponential backoff, collision domain. Link layer addressing, MAC address, broadcast address, broadcast domain. Active network devices, transceiver, hub, switch, router. Principle of switch function, configurable switches, virtual LAN. Backbones, MAN technologies, FDDI, ATM. Synchronous and asynchronous communication, RS 232, modem, AT commands, fixed and dialup lines, SLIP and PPP protocols. Transparency for binary data, character and bit oriented protocols. WAN technologies, Frame Relay, ISDN, xDSL, cable modems. Domain addressing, DNS, static and dynamic IP address allocation, DHCP. Sharing data methods, FTP, NFS. Network printing, LPR. Network security, types of threats, attack methods, protection methods. Ciphering, SSH, access lists, firewall. User mobility, wireless networks. Vehicle networks, CAN, MIL-1553.
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