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Lecturer(s)
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Petera Jiří, prof. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Vaňásek Jaroslav, doc. MUDr. CSc.
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Došelová Hana
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Course content
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Decision to treat, radiation therapy prescription. Dose prescription and fractionation. Determination of organs at risk of radiation damage. Positioning and immobilizing of patients, radiotherapy positions. Utilization of Laser focusing. Simulator localization, planning CT. Contouring system utilization. Plotting tumor volumes and organs at risk of radiation damage. Fusion of planning CT with MR and PET-CT. Isocentric technique, focus-skin technique. Radiation fields. Isodoses and how to work with them. Conventional radiation therapy techniques (parallel-opposed fields, BOX, cross-fire, convergent fields, tangential fields). Utilization of wedges and compensation filters\. Linking fields, utilization of gap-filling blocks and asymmetric fields. Dose determination, ICRU recommendations. Conformal radiation therapy techniques, dose-volume histograms, multileaf collimator. Optimization and quality evaluation of irradiation plan. Irradiation fields simulation and verification system, entering data into verification system. Daily positioning of a patient, checking by portal imaging. Utilization of image-guided radiation therapy. In vivo dosimetry. Utilization of complanar and non-complanar fields in in conformal radiotherapy. Sweeping beam. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy principle, intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning. Physical verification of Intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Clinical use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Indication, planning and performing stereotactic radiotherapy. Biological target volume, utilization of dynamic imaging methods. Indication and planning of electron beam irradiation. Craniospinal irradiation. Large volume radiation therapy techniques (abdominal irradiation, hemibody irradiation, lymphoma irradiation). Total body irradiation. Intraoperative radiation therapy. Tomotherapy planning and performing, cyberknife irradiation. Palliative radiation therapy, techniques, doses, indications, effect. Procedure after radiation treatment interruption, resumed irradiation. Indication, planning and dose schemes of radiation therapy with non-cancerous diseases. History of brachytherapy, radioisotopes used in radiation therapy, manual and automatic afterloading. Advantages and disadvantages of brachytherapy with low, high, and pulse dose rate. Planning of interstitial brachytherapy and brachytherapy with gynecological cancer. Planning of intraluminar brachytherapy and moulage. Brachytherapy workplace layout. Use of radiobiological models in practice. Planning of brachytherapy. Anti-inflammatory x-ray therapy. Hyperthermia. Central dilution of cytostatic drugs.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the subject is to acquaint students with radiation oncology. Students will gradually acquire the basic knowledge and skills concerning oncological care facilities, the possibilities for combinations of individual therapeutic procedures, and the principles of radiation effects. Individual radiation techniques are explained, and so are radiotherapy plans for oncological as well as nononcological diagnoses.
Students will acquire knowledge and skills within the scope of the subject syllabus and will be ready to use them in radiotherapy clinical practice.
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written examination
Completion of compulsory 80% attendance at the practicum sessions and seminars.
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Recommended literature
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NOVOTNÝ, J.; VÍTEK, P.; PETRUŽELKA, L. Klinická a radiační onkologie pro praxi. 1. vyd. Praha : Triton, 308 s., 2005.
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PETERA, J. et al. Intraluminární brachyterapie. Praha: Galén, 2001.
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PETERA, J. et al. Obecná onkologie. Praha: Karolinum, 2005. ISBN 80-246-0968-1.
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SOUMAROVÁ, R.; HOMOLA, L. Intersticiální brachytherapie. 1. vyd. MU Brno, Standardy radiační onkologie/radioterapie: www.srobf.cz, 2006. ISBN 20070913.
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ŠLAMPA, P.; PETERA, J. et al. Radiační onkologie. Praha: Galén, Karolinum, 2007.
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ŠLAMPA, P. et al. Radiační onkologie v praxi. Brno: Masarykův onkologický ústav, 2007.
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