Historical development of CT. Principles of computed tomography. The CT apparatus - categories and generations. Conventional, spiral, multi-detector CT. Individual characteristics of respective systems. Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging. Hounsfield scale. Raw data. Scanning parameters. Imaging parameters. Pixel, voxel. Options of data post-processing. Procedure of a CT scan. Indication for examination, patient preparation, options of using contrast agents, choice of parameters, data modifying, archiving options (video documentation, PACS), radiation protection aspects. Dose and options of affecting the dose. Facility and personal equipment. Contrast agents - division, route of administration, indication, principles of their use in CT diagnostics, risks with their administration and basic rules of treatment of side effects. Intervention under CT control - indication, performance, types of performance, risks. Artifacts in CT image, including contrasting agents. Radiation and health aspects of CT performance. ALARA principle. Atomic Act. Radiology workplace and location of CT. Fundamentals of assessment based on CT examination - normal and pathological images. CT angiography. Multiplanar reconstruction, MIP, SSD, VRT, cine mode. CT scan of the brain, neurocranium, orbit, face, and paranasal sinuses - imaging technique, indications, parameters, normal image, basic pathological images. CT of the neck - imaging technique, normal image. Basic characteristics of a pathological image. CT of the chest (heart, lungs, pleurum, mediastinum, thoracic aorta, pulmonary circulation in pulmonary embolism). HRCT of the lungs - imaging technique, normal image. Basic characteristics of a pathological image. CT of the liver, bile duct, spleen and pancreas - imaging technique, dynamic studies of parenchymatous organs - normal image. Basic characteristics of a pathological image. Renal and adrenal CT scan, CT scan of the pelvis and retroperitoneum including lymph nodes and abdominal aorta - imaging techniques including CT angiography, normal image. Basic characteristics of a pathological image. CT of the spine and extremities - imaging technique, normal image. Basic characteristics of a pathological image. Special CT procedures: CT perimyelography, functional CT, virtual CT image. CT apparatus - individual parts, basics of operating the scan, examination technique, patient preparation, options and routes of contrasting agents administration, setting of parameters, documentation and data archiving. Options of data processing, video documentation, PACS. Work of a radiological assistant with the apparatus. CT scan of the brain, neurocranium, orbit, face, and paranasal sinuses - imaging technique, setting of parameters, normal image, practical examples of basic pathological images. CT of the neck - imaging technique, normal image, practical examples of basic pathological images. CT of the chest (heart, lungs, pleurum, mediastinum, thoracic aorta, pulmonary circulation for suspected pulmonary embolism). HRCT of the lungs - imaging technique, normal image, examples of basic pathological images. CT of the stomach and pelvis (liver, bile duct, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and adrenal glands, pelvis and retroperitoneum including lymph nodes and abdominal aorta) - imaging techniques, options of administration of the contrasting agent, dynamic studies of parenchymatous organs. Normal image and examples of basic pathological images CT of the spine and extremities - imaging technique, normal image, examples of basic pathological images. Intervention under CT control - indication, procedures, parameter setting, specifics, examples of individual types of intervention performance Special CT procedures: CT perimyelography, functional CT, virtual CT image. Multi-detector CT - specifics, technical aspects, types of examination, specifics of administration of individual contrasting agents, data processing, multiplanar reconstruction.
|