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Lecturer(s)
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Holubová Jana, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Střižík Lukáš, Ing. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Bonding in solids (covalent, ionic, metallic bond). Weak interactions (van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding). Bond energies and their connection with basic physical properties. Band model of solids, explanation of bonding and properties in metals and alloys, ionic and covalent solids, semiconductors. Point symmetry. Coordination compounds, crystal and ligand field theory. Color of coordination compounds, optical and magnetic properties. Crystalline substances - thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. Crystal growth. Methods of growing crystals from melt, from gas phase. Special methods of crystal cultivation, hydrothermal growth. Recrystallization, sintering. Diamond, nitrides. Phase transitions and phase equilibria in solids. Phase diagrams and their interpretation. Defects in crystals, point, line and area defects. Dislocation. Interstitial compounds. Non-stoichiometry and solid solutions. Use of defects, color centers. Mechanical properties of solids. Optical properties, absorption and emission. Color of solids. Luminescence, lasers, LEDs, photovoltaic systems. Non-crystalline solids. Thermodynamics and kinetics of the glass state. Glass transition, subcooled melt and its crystallization. Short and long distance arrangement. Band model of glass state. Optical and electrical properties of glasses and possibilities of their influence. Methods of preparation of non-crystalline materials. Bulk glasses, amorphous layers, metal and non-oxide glasses, glass crystalline materials. Ionic substances and their electrical conductivity. Oxidation and reduction, standard electrode potential. Galvanic cells. Ion-conducting compounds, alloys, batteries (anodes, electrolytes, cathodes), fuel cells, H2 sources. Inorganic nanomaterials. Structure and properties of nanoparticles, consequences of nanodimensions on the properties of solids. Grafen.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
- Contact teaching
- 52 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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Within the course, students will gain advanced knowledge about the binding in solids, their structure and selected properties. The student will be competent in evaluating the structure-property relationship and gain an overview of the structure, chemical and physicochemical properties, synthesis and use of selected groups of materials, such as inorganic and organic semiconductors, ionically conductive compounds and inorganic nanomaterials.
Due to the advanced theoretical basis, the student will be able to critically evaluate the properties of individual types of solids and find the relationship between the structure and their chemical and physical properties.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of General and Inorganic Chemistry I, II, Physics and Physical Chemistry I.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination
Mastering the basics of solid state chemistry and understanding the relationship between bonding, chemical composition and chemical and physical properties of solids. The ultimate goal is to apply this knowledge in the study and development of new materials with the required properties.
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Recommended literature
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Cotterill, Rodney. The material world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-45147-5.
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Kraus, Ivo. Elementární fyzika pevných látek. Praha: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2011. ISBN 978-80-01-04931-0.
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M. Frumar. Chemie pevných látek. Pardubice, 1992.
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Smart, Lesley E. Solid state chemistry : an introduction. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Francis, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4398-4790-9.
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Tilley J.D.R. Understanding of Solids: The Science of Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, 2004.
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