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Lecturer(s)
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Burgert Ladislav, doc. Ing. CSc.
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Course content
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Basic surfactant - surface active agents - (tenside) concepts - surfactant mechanisms, surfactant microstructures, hydrophile and lipophile portion of the molecule of surfactant, micelles - critical micelle concentration, solubillisation, surfactant phase diagrams, surfactant properties at interfaces - Gibbs free energy, Gibbs sorption isotherm. Hydrophile - lipophile balance, or HLB number. Anionic surfactants. Long - chain fatty acid - sodium or potassium salts as soap. Fatty alcohol sulfates (alkyl sulfates) Alcohol ether sulfates (AES) or alkyl ether sulfates or alcohol etoxysulfates. Sulfonate - LAS (linear alkylbenzensulfonate, ? - olefinfulfonate, methylestersulfonate, alkylsulfonate. Nonionic surfactants. Alkyl-poly oxyelhylene ethers (oxyethylenated fatty alcohols), , alkylphenols exyethylenate, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers. Alkyl polyglykoside as surfactants from plants. Cationic (quaternary ammonium salts) and amphoteric surfactants. Basic surfactants performance - wetting, soil removal, stabilize foam, bactericide, emulsion and microemulsion. Electro double - layer Surfactants - production of hair and body shampoo, hard - surface cleaners, machine dishwash detergents. Laundry products (detergents) - composition.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
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Learning outcomes
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Basic characterization, properties, manufacturing process, raw materials and aplication basics of surface active substancies. (tensides, surfactants).
Students can work in surface active substancies research and companies. They can work in detergets treatment, cleaning compounds. Cosmetics and sanitary.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of organic and macromolecular chemistry, basic knowledge of physical chemistry.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination
Oral exam. The debate over selected lines is basic part of exam. Student exhibit the rate of acquired knowledge.
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Recommended literature
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Blažej A. a kol. Tenzidy. ALFA Bratislava - SNTL Praha, 1977.
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Holmberg K. Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry. John Wiley, Chichester, 2002.
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Lange K.R. Detergents and Cleaners. Carl Hanser Verlag, Múnchen, 1994.
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Shinoda K. Solvent Properties os Surfactant Solutions. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967.
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