Introduction - basic raw materials, main unit processes of industrial organic syntheses Halogenation - general methods, chlorobenzene, di- and trichlorobenzenes, chlorination of toluene, other halogenations Nitration - general methods, nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, nitrotoluenes, chloronitrobenzenes, 1-nitronaphthalene, 4-nitroacetanilide , nitrotoluidines, nitroanthraquinones Amination - general methods, aniline, toluidines, phenylenediamines, aminophenols, aminoanthraquinones, arylamines Sulphonation - general methods, benzenesulphonic acids, naphthalenesulphonic acids, anthraquinonesulphonic acids, naphtholsulphonic acids, naphthylaminesulphonic acids, aminonapththolsulphonic acids Hydroxylation - general methods, phenol, 3-aminophenol, resorcinol, cresols, 1- and 2-naphthols, hydroxyanthraquinones. Quinones - general methods, p-benzoquinone, chloranil, anthraquinone and its derivatives Phenolcarboxylic acids - salicylic acid, BON-acid. Carboxylic acid amides - arylamides of BON-acid, anthranilic acid Aryl ethers and their derivatives - nitroanisoles, nitrophenetoles, anisidines, cresidine Heterocyclic amines - aminothiazoles and aminobenzthiazoles, aminotriazoles, aminothiophenes Intermediates for reactive dyes - cyanuric chloride, vinylsulphonyl derivatives, 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline-6-carbonyl chloride, 4,5-dichloro-2-( -chlorocarbonylethyl)-3-pyridazone, 1,4-dichlorophthalazine-6-carbonyl chloride Anthraqinones - typical reactions of halo-, amino- and hydroxy-derivatives
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The student will be given by concrete examples, the subject deals with industrial applications of halogenation, nitration, amination, sulphonation and hydroxylation. He will also study the production of quinones, phenolcarboxylic acids, amides of carboxylic acids, aryl ethers and their derivatives, heterocyclic amines and production of intermediates for reactive dyes.
The student will be informed on basics types of organic intermediates and their production.
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