Tato diplomová práce zobrazuje postupný vývoj rétoriky Martin Luthera Kinga. Byly vybrány čtyři konkrétní projevy z let 1954, 1957, 1963 a 1967 tak, aby byly reprezentativními vzorky znázorňující měnící se techniky přesvědčování. Nejprve je zachycena Americká politická rétorika v polovině 20. století, následně je popsána typologie řečnických figur a dalších prostředků a poslední kapitola teoretické části se zaměřuje na tradiční rétoriku Baptistů na jihu Spojených států amerických. Jádrem práce je analýza projevů z hlediska použití odkazů k Bibli, četnosti a druhů řečnických trop, preference osobních zájmen a dominanci buď činných či stavových sloves. Aby byl jasně vymezen Kingův unikátní styl řečnictví, jsou jeho projevy porovnány k projevům dalších významných osob Černošského hnutí.
Anotace v angličtině
This thesis deals with the portrayal of the development of Martin Luther King's rhetoric over time. Four speeches given in 1954, 1957, 1963 and 1967 have been chosen to be representative samples of changing techniques of persuasion. Firstly, American political rhetoric in the middle of the twentieth century is depicted followed by an explanation and exemplification of typology of rhetoric figures and other devices, and the last theoretical chapter focuses on the Southern Baptist oratorical tradition. The core part of this work analyzes rhetorical figures, Biblical allusions and the use of personal pronouns together with preference of either stative or dynamic verbs. King's unique style is compared to his contemporaries to reach as accurate image of his rhetoric as possible.
Klíčová slova
rétorika, Černošské hnutí za lidská práva, King, přesvědčování, nenásilí, moc, řečnické prostředky, Bible
Klíčová slova v angličtině
rhetoric, the Civil Rights Movement, King, persuasion, nonviolence, power, rhetorical devices, the Bible
Rozsah průvodní práce
77 s. (145 593 znaků)
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
Tato diplomová práce zobrazuje postupný vývoj rétoriky Martin Luthera Kinga. Byly vybrány čtyři konkrétní projevy z let 1954, 1957, 1963 a 1967 tak, aby byly reprezentativními vzorky znázorňující měnící se techniky přesvědčování. Nejprve je zachycena Americká politická rétorika v polovině 20. století, následně je popsána typologie řečnických figur a dalších prostředků a poslední kapitola teoretické části se zaměřuje na tradiční rétoriku Baptistů na jihu Spojených států amerických. Jádrem práce je analýza projevů z hlediska použití odkazů k Bibli, četnosti a druhů řečnických trop, preference osobních zájmen a dominanci buď činných či stavových sloves. Aby byl jasně vymezen Kingův unikátní styl řečnictví, jsou jeho projevy porovnány k projevům dalších významných osob Černošského hnutí.
Anotace v angličtině
This thesis deals with the portrayal of the development of Martin Luther King's rhetoric over time. Four speeches given in 1954, 1957, 1963 and 1967 have been chosen to be representative samples of changing techniques of persuasion. Firstly, American political rhetoric in the middle of the twentieth century is depicted followed by an explanation and exemplification of typology of rhetoric figures and other devices, and the last theoretical chapter focuses on the Southern Baptist oratorical tradition. The core part of this work analyzes rhetorical figures, Biblical allusions and the use of personal pronouns together with preference of either stative or dynamic verbs. King's unique style is compared to his contemporaries to reach as accurate image of his rhetoric as possible.
Klíčová slova
rétorika, Černošské hnutí za lidská práva, King, přesvědčování, nenásilí, moc, řečnické prostředky, Bible
Klíčová slova v angličtině
rhetoric, the Civil Rights Movement, King, persuasion, nonviolence, power, rhetorical devices, the Bible
Zásady pro vypracování
Firstly a survey of the theory of the use of rhetoric in mid-20th century American political speeches should be described, along with a basic typology of figures and other devices. In this survey, examples and types from the Bible, other religious texts and foundational documents of American republicanism should be mentioned. A similar delineation of rhetorical resources should be given for religious sermons and other texts concentrating on the Christian and especially the Southern Baptist oratorical tradition; here the types of tropes and other devices also used by Dr. King and other orators in political speeches should be outlined, defined and exemplified. The historical circumstances along with other cultural background specific to each speech chosen for later analysis should be described. The emphasis here should be on the historical development over time of specific causes and issues that King concentrated on, for example civil rights, poverty and the Vietnam war. In the longest and most detailed part of the DP, the theory, typology and other background described above should be used as tools of analysis of the four speeches chosen, which range from 1957 to 1967. The development of King's rhetoric over time should be discussed, again concentrating on changing techniques of persuasion regarding specific issues and how they are figured through the ten years considered in the four speeches. Finally, some overall conclusions about King's use of rhetoric should be outlined. For this, comparison to the rhetorical devices of other speakers can be made, for example to more conservative orators such as Roy Wilkins (NAACP) and more radical speakers such as Malcolm X, A. Philip Randolph as well as younger militants such as those who represented the SNCC and the Black Power movement. The texts of these other speakers can be used for the examples described above, e.g. in the first sections. The following speeches have been selected for analysis: 1. "Rediscovering Lost Values" 28 February 1954: Detroit, Michigan. 2. "Give us the Ballot" 17 May 1957, the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom: Washington, D.C. 3. "I Have a Dream" 28 August 1963, March on Washington 4. "Beyond Vietnam" 4 April 1967: New York
Zásady pro vypracování
Firstly a survey of the theory of the use of rhetoric in mid-20th century American political speeches should be described, along with a basic typology of figures and other devices. In this survey, examples and types from the Bible, other religious texts and foundational documents of American republicanism should be mentioned. A similar delineation of rhetorical resources should be given for religious sermons and other texts concentrating on the Christian and especially the Southern Baptist oratorical tradition; here the types of tropes and other devices also used by Dr. King and other orators in political speeches should be outlined, defined and exemplified. The historical circumstances along with other cultural background specific to each speech chosen for later analysis should be described. The emphasis here should be on the historical development over time of specific causes and issues that King concentrated on, for example civil rights, poverty and the Vietnam war. In the longest and most detailed part of the DP, the theory, typology and other background described above should be used as tools of analysis of the four speeches chosen, which range from 1957 to 1967. The development of King's rhetoric over time should be discussed, again concentrating on changing techniques of persuasion regarding specific issues and how they are figured through the ten years considered in the four speeches. Finally, some overall conclusions about King's use of rhetoric should be outlined. For this, comparison to the rhetorical devices of other speakers can be made, for example to more conservative orators such as Roy Wilkins (NAACP) and more radical speakers such as Malcolm X, A. Philip Randolph as well as younger militants such as those who represented the SNCC and the Black Power movement. The texts of these other speakers can be used for the examples described above, e.g. in the first sections. The following speeches have been selected for analysis: 1. "Rediscovering Lost Values" 28 February 1954: Detroit, Michigan. 2. "Give us the Ballot" 17 May 1957, the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom: Washington, D.C. 3. "I Have a Dream" 28 August 1963, March on Washington 4. "Beyond Vietnam" 4 April 1967: New York
Seznam doporučené literatury
ATKINSON, Max. Our Masters' Voices: The Language and Body Language of Politics. Psychology Press, 1984, ISBN 9780415018753.
BUCHTOVÁ, Božena. Rétorika. Praha: Grada, 2006, ISBN 80-247-0868-X.
FAHNESTOCK, Jeanne, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 9780199764129.
FRANKLIN, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994, ISBN 0-679-43087-3.
Holy Bible, New King James Version (NKJV). Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc, 2009, ISBN 1418568503.
JOHNSTONE, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2004, ISBN 0-13-111392-5.
KELL, Carl L., Against the Wind: The Moderate Voice in Baptist Life, University of Tennessee Press, 2009, ISBN 9781572336742.
LANDTSHEER, Christ'l de, Feldman, Ofer, Beyond Public Speech and Symbols: Explorations in the Rhetoric of Politicians and the Media, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 9780275967321.
SELBY, Gary S. Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in America's Struggle for Civil Rights (Studies in Religion and Rhetoric). E-book, Baylor University Press, 2008, ISBN 1602580162.
WINDT, Theodore. Presidents and Protesters: Political Rhetoric in 1960s. University of Alabama Press, 1990, ISBN 9780817305062.
Seznam doporučené literatury
ATKINSON, Max. Our Masters' Voices: The Language and Body Language of Politics. Psychology Press, 1984, ISBN 9780415018753.
BUCHTOVÁ, Božena. Rétorika. Praha: Grada, 2006, ISBN 80-247-0868-X.
FAHNESTOCK, Jeanne, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 9780199764129.
FRANKLIN, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994, ISBN 0-679-43087-3.
Holy Bible, New King James Version (NKJV). Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc, 2009, ISBN 1418568503.
JOHNSTONE, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2004, ISBN 0-13-111392-5.
KELL, Carl L., Against the Wind: The Moderate Voice in Baptist Life, University of Tennessee Press, 2009, ISBN 9781572336742.
LANDTSHEER, Christ'l de, Feldman, Ofer, Beyond Public Speech and Symbols: Explorations in the Rhetoric of Politicians and the Media, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 9780275967321.
SELBY, Gary S. Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in America's Struggle for Civil Rights (Studies in Religion and Rhetoric). E-book, Baylor University Press, 2008, ISBN 1602580162.
WINDT, Theodore. Presidents and Protesters: Political Rhetoric in 1960s. University of Alabama Press, 1990, ISBN 9780817305062.