Nedostatek orgánů k transplantaci je celosvětovým zdravotnickým problémem, a to i přes to, že téměř ve všech státech světa funguje systém darování orgánů. To však vyvolává otázku: Proč tedy, když nepochybně existuje poptávka i nabídka, obchod s orgány nezlegalizovat?
Existují čtyři hlavní morální námitky proti přípustnosti obchodu s orgány: 1. vykořisťování, komodifikace a instrumentalizace prodávajícího a jeho těla; 2. újma a risk, které prodávající podstupuje; 3. problém autonomie a souhlasu a 4. obavy o narušení praxe dárcovství orgánů, ke kterému by legalizací prodeje pravděpodobně došlo.
Anotace v angličtině
Despite organ donation systems running in numerous states around the globe, the shortage of transplant organs is a worldwide public health problem. This raises a question, why - when there clearly is both demand and offer - not make organ sale legal?
From the moral point of view, there are four main objections to permitting organ sale: 1. exploitation, commodification, and instrumentalisation of the seller and her body; 2. harm and risk that the seller undergoes; 3. concerns about autonomy and consent; and lastly, 4. concerns about the practice of free donation that would supposedly be undermined by the permission of organ sale.
Organ sale, bioethics, medical ethics, exploitation, commodification, instrumentalisation, harm, autonomy, consent, organ donation, altruism
Rozsah průvodní práce
40 s. (81 137 znaků)
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
Nedostatek orgánů k transplantaci je celosvětovým zdravotnickým problémem, a to i přes to, že téměř ve všech státech světa funguje systém darování orgánů. To však vyvolává otázku: Proč tedy, když nepochybně existuje poptávka i nabídka, obchod s orgány nezlegalizovat?
Existují čtyři hlavní morální námitky proti přípustnosti obchodu s orgány: 1. vykořisťování, komodifikace a instrumentalizace prodávajícího a jeho těla; 2. újma a risk, které prodávající podstupuje; 3. problém autonomie a souhlasu a 4. obavy o narušení praxe dárcovství orgánů, ke kterému by legalizací prodeje pravděpodobně došlo.
Anotace v angličtině
Despite organ donation systems running in numerous states around the globe, the shortage of transplant organs is a worldwide public health problem. This raises a question, why - when there clearly is both demand and offer - not make organ sale legal?
From the moral point of view, there are four main objections to permitting organ sale: 1. exploitation, commodification, and instrumentalisation of the seller and her body; 2. harm and risk that the seller undergoes; 3. concerns about autonomy and consent; and lastly, 4. concerns about the practice of free donation that would supposedly be undermined by the permission of organ sale.
Organ sale, bioethics, medical ethics, exploitation, commodification, instrumentalisation, harm, autonomy, consent, organ donation, altruism
Zásady pro vypracování
Despite organ donation systems running in numerous states around the globe, the shortage of transplant organs is a worldwide public health problem. With the average waiting time for an organ transplant ranging between 3 to 5 years and number of patients on the waiting list dying every day, a patient’s decision to resort to obtaining the organ illegally thus cannot be surprising. This raises a question, why – when there clearly is both demand and offer – not make organ sale legal?
From the moral point of view, there are four main objections to permitting organ sale: 1. exploitation, commodification, and instrumentalisation of the seller and her body; 2. harm and risk that the seller undergoes; 3. concerns about bodily autonomy and consent; and lastly, 4. concerns about the practice of free donation that would supposedly be undermined by the permission of organ sale.
In this thesis, I will discuss given arguments with the help of The Body in Bioethics by Alastair V. Campbell and works of Stephen Wilkinson and Eve Garrard.
Zásady pro vypracování
Despite organ donation systems running in numerous states around the globe, the shortage of transplant organs is a worldwide public health problem. With the average waiting time for an organ transplant ranging between 3 to 5 years and number of patients on the waiting list dying every day, a patient’s decision to resort to obtaining the organ illegally thus cannot be surprising. This raises a question, why – when there clearly is both demand and offer – not make organ sale legal?
From the moral point of view, there are four main objections to permitting organ sale: 1. exploitation, commodification, and instrumentalisation of the seller and her body; 2. harm and risk that the seller undergoes; 3. concerns about bodily autonomy and consent; and lastly, 4. concerns about the practice of free donation that would supposedly be undermined by the permission of organ sale.
In this thesis, I will discuss given arguments with the help of The Body in Bioethics by Alastair V. Campbell and works of Stephen Wilkinson and Eve Garrard.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Campbell, A. V. (2009), The Body in Bioethics, Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish.
Wilkinson, S., and Garrard, E. (1996), "Bodily integrity and the sale of human organs”, Journal of Medical Ethics 22: 334–339.
Wilkinson, S., "The Sale of Human Organs", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .
Sandel, M. J. (2013), What money can''t buy: The moral limits of markets, London: Penguin.
Sandel, M. J. (2015), Spravedlnost: co je správné dělat (T. Chudý, Trans.), Praha: Karolinum.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Campbell, A. V. (2009), The Body in Bioethics, Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish.
Wilkinson, S., and Garrard, E. (1996), "Bodily integrity and the sale of human organs”, Journal of Medical Ethics 22: 334–339.
Wilkinson, S., "The Sale of Human Organs", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .
Sandel, M. J. (2013), What money can''t buy: The moral limits of markets, London: Penguin.
Sandel, M. J. (2015), Spravedlnost: co je správné dělat (T. Chudý, Trans.), Praha: Karolinum.